Polar solvents have large dipole moments and they comprise bonds between atoms with very different electronegativities, such as oxygen and hydrogen. Nonpolar solvents contain bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities, such as carbon and hydrogen. Solvents with a dielectric constant of less than 15 are usually regarded to be nonpolar. Ordinarily, solvents are categorized into two main categories cited as polar and nonpolar, whereby their efficacy is often characterized by their dielectric constants. In all these solvents and solvation are demonstrating a fundamentally important role. Their design, control, and function compose new relevant interdisciplinary key enabling areas (KEA) of science and technology. Supramolecular chemistry showed an impulsive interest in molecular-engineered compounds, whereby complexes are formed from small molecular building blocks held together by reversible intermolecular noncovalent interactions such as van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Under this framework, molecular machines that have been studied until today include molecular motors, shuttles, muscles, pumps, elevators, etc. Rotaxanes and catenanes, which are at the heart of the development of “molecular machine” chemistry, are of principal importance. The microenvironment-dependent complexation of supramolecular complexes provides a conventional tool for creating a vast variety of mechanically interlocked molecules, supramolecular architectures, and molecular machines. Since the recent awarding of the Nobel Prize of chemistry to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart, and Ben Feringa, this area has gained plenty of scientific attention. Fundamentally, the target is to create molecular systems by design, intending to regulate the interactions of complex building blocks in the solid and liquid state and to obtain desirable complex systems exhibiting multifunctional properties. Specifically within the scope of modern materials and chemical science, the conducted research is continuously growing. In recent years a rapidly increasing interest and development in the field of supramolecular engineering have been observed. In many occasions solvents can influence and modulate the supramolecular structure of complex systems through various possible interactions with solutes. Solvation demonstrates a key role in all these processes as it drastically influences the energetics of host-guest (Ho-G) interactions as well as the supramolecular recognition phenomena. Fundamental nature’s operations are dominated and regulated by noncovalent interactions.
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